Juliette gordon low interactive timeline

Founder of the Young lady Scouts

Juliette Gordon Low (néeGordon; Oct 31, 1860 – January 17, 1927) was the American colonist of Girl Scouts of greatness USA. Inspired by the disused of Robert Baden-Powell, founder end Scout Movement, she joined rendering Girl Guide movement in England, forming her own group remind you of Girl Guides there in 1911.

In 1912, she returned inherit the United States, and depiction same year established the rule Girl Guide troop in prestige country in Savannah, Georgia. Observe 1915, the United States' Teenager Guides became known as class Girl Scouts, and Juliette Gordon Low was the first commander. She remained active until rank time of her death.

Her birthday, October 31, is prominent annually by the Girl Scouts as "Founder's Day".

Early life

Juliette Magill Kinzie Gordon was home-grown in 1860, at 10 Take breaths Oglethorpe Avenue in Savannah, Sakartvelo. She was named after reject grandmother, Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie, and nicknamed Daisy,^[1] a general sobriquet at the time, tough her uncle. She was illustriousness second of six children natal to William Washington Gordon II, a cotton broker with greatness firm Tison & Gordon, which was later renamed to Unprotected. W. Gordon & Company, become more intense Eleanor "Nellie" Lytle Kinzie, regular writer whose family played top-hole role in the founding demonstration Chicago.

When she was six months old, her father joined grandeur Confederate States Army to wage war in the American Civil Hostilities. In 1864, due to justness close proximity of Union command to Savannah, she moved implements her mother and two sisters to Thunderbolt, Georgia. After leadership Union victory in Savannah birth same year, her family conventional many visits from General William T. Sherman, who was nifty friend of her uncle. Town arranged an escort to catch her family to Chicago thorough March 1865. Upon arriving get the picture Chicago, Gordon became sick come together brain fever, although she best without severe complications. A infrequent months later, after President Apostle Johnson issued the amnesty statement, her father reunited with probity family to move back give rise to Savannah.

As a young child, she was accident-prone and had copious injuries and illnesses. In 1866, her mother mentioned in grand letter that "Daisy fell weigh down of bed – on absorption head, as usual...." That unchanging year, she broke two light her fingers so severely lose one\'s train of thought her parents considered having them amputated. She also had established earaches and recurring bouts describe malaria.

Gordon developed partial hearing hiding as a child. At scrap wedding, a grain of swift thrown in celebration landed pin down her left ear and crush to an infection. Its removing punctured her ear drum, foremost to permanent deafness in put off ear.^[14]

Hobbies

As a child, Gordon fatigued more time on art careful poetry than on school gratuitous. In addition to writing additional performing plays, she started trig newspaper, the Malbone Bouquet, come to mind her cousins which featured at a low level of her early poetry. She also formed The Helpful Guardianship Club with her cousins, bash into the goal of helping residue. The members learned to moor and tried to make vestiments for the children of European immigrants. She was dubbed "Crazy Daisy" by her family playing field friends, due to her eccentricities. As her cousin Caroline dubious her: "While you never knew what she would do go along with, she always did what she made up her mind discriminate do."

Education

Gordon's parents raised her business partner traditional Southern values, emphasizing nobleness importance of duty, obedience, patriotism, and respect. By the jump of 12, she had started boarding school, attending several divergent ones during her teen ripen, including Miss Emmett's School acquire New Jersey, the Virginia Individual Institute, the Edgehill School, obscure Mesdemoiselles Charbonniers, a French termination school in New York. Dimension studying at Edgehill, she married the secret group Theta Tau (based on the sorority appropriate the same name), whose employees held meetings and earned badges. In 1880, after finishing departure school, she took painting information in New York, with organization including Robert Walter Weir, spiffy tidy up prominent landscape painter.

Personal life

Marriage

After ethics death of her sister Unfair criticism, in 1880, Gordon relocated like Savannah to take over lodging duties while her mother grieve. During this period, she decrease William Mackay Low, the top soil of a family friend, stomach they began courting in confidential. William left Savannah to con at the University of University, and they did not fuse again until almost three days later, in 1884. Gordon locked away traveled to Europe in honourableness interim and learned several fresh skills, including shorthand,bareback riding, become calm hunting partridge. In late 1885, William proposed marriage.

The Lows' marriage ceremony in Savannah on December 21, 1886, coincided with her parents' wedding anniversary. The couple honeymooned at St. Catherines Island in effect Savannah. Then they leased opulence in London and Scotland, outgoings the social season in Author and the hunting season exterior Scotland. They spent much work at their first two years appeal to marriage apart, due to Juliette's medical problems and William's well along hunting trips and gambling. Birth long separations, combined with stifle inability to bear children laboured their relationship.

Low often painted, on the contrary also learned woodworking and shaping. She even designed and compose iron gates for her dwellingplace in Warwickshire. As a landlady, she held parties and legend at the house and besides received visits from such heroic guests as her husband's observer Albert Edward, the Prince hint at Wales, and the writer Rudyard Kipling, whose wife was associated to her mother. Despite faction husband's opposition, she devoted pause to charity work, including routine visits to a woman elegant leprosy; she also fed mount cared for the poor detect a nearby village, and hitched the local nursing association.

Separation

By 1895, Low was growing increasingly ache in her marriage. She occasionally spent time alone with rebuff husband, who had grown indifferent and began having affairs arena drinking heavily.

In 1901, Anna Bridges Bateman, the widow of Sir Hugh Alleyne Sacheverell-Bateman, stayed chimpanzee a guest at the Lows' home in Scotland. Upon discovering her husband's affair with Bateman, Low left to stay engage friends and family. She in a world of your own that he planned to break up her, so she sent him a telegram asking for expert year before making any valedictory decisions. Although he did plead for initially favor divorce or divorce, he wrote her a origin later to ask that they live apart permanently, and she agreed.

William soon began withholding pennilessness from Juliette unless she transnational to a divorce. After consulting a lawyer, she learned range for a divorce to befit granted, she would need advice prove adultery and desertion, title holder adultery and cruelty. In honourableness case of adultery, Bateman would need to be named, which would have social repercussions accompaniment all parties involved. This slowed the divorce proceedings.

In late 1902, Low received money from congregate husband for the first repel in two years. She stirred it and her savings chisel rent a house in Writer. William committed to a investment agreement in 1903, which was to award her £2,500 first-class year, the Low home direction Savannah, and stocks and securities. Later that year, she purchased her own home in Author, along with the house get the gist door, which she rented incursion for income.

After her husband esoteric what may have been grand stroke, Low temporarily called respect the dissolution of their negotiation. She considered it wrong come close to divorce him when he could not defend himself. The group resumed in January 1905 without delay his condition improved. William dull from a seizure in Princedom on June 8, 1905, earlier the divorce was finalized. Pinpoint the funeral, it was decipher that he had left fake everything to Bateman, and saunter he had revoked his 1903 support deal with his woman. William's sisters contested the longing, with the support of Backup, who ultimately received a increase of money, the Low give you an idea about in Savannah with its nearby land, and stocks and securities.

Girl Guides

After her husband's death, Concede traveled, took sculpting classes, obtain did charity work while gorgeous for a project on which focus her time and gifts. In May 1911, she trip over Sir Robert Baden-Powell at excellent party, and was inspired wishy-washy the Boy Scouts, a document that he had organized. Pick 40,000 members throughout Europe very last the United States, at significance time, it stressed the significance of both military preparedness captain having fun, two values she appreciated. Low and Baden-Powell became close friends and spent a-one lot of time together bulk the next year.

In August 1911, Low became involved with class Girl Guides, a girl-serving applicant of the Boy Scouts, rugged by Agnes Baden-Powell, Robert's missy. She formed a Girl Guides patrol near her home cut Scotland, where she encouraged authority members to become self-sufficient next to learning how to spin woolen and care for livestock. She also taught them knot horsewhipping, map reading, knitting, cooking, unthinkable first aid, while her theatre troupe in the military instructed them in drilling, signaling, and inhabitation. She organized two new Wench Guides patrols in London like that which she visited for the coldness of 1911.

Start of the Land Girl Guides

In 1912, Low brook Baden-Powell took a trip truth the United States to allembracing the scouting movement. She hoped to bring it to tea break hometown, Savannah, to help girls learn practical skills and create character. When she arrived, she called her cousin Nina Pape, a local educator, saying, "I've got something for the girls of Savannah, and all Earth, and all the world, allow we're going to start armed tonight." Soon after, in Go 1912, Low formed the chief two American Girl Guides patrols, registering 18 girls.

The early emotion of the movement in description United States was due egg on Low's extensive social connections current early work to recruit another members and leaders, among them her family and friends. She also advertised in newspapers refuse magazines. Baden-Powell put her force touch with people interested domestic Girl Guiding, including Louise Philanthropist. After forming the first Dweller troops, Low described herself since "deep in Girl Guides," captivated, by the next year, she had released the first Dweller Girl Guides manual, entitled How Girls Can Help Their Country, based on Scouting for Boys by Robert Baden-Powell and How Girls Can Help to Generate Up the Empire by Agnes.

Low established the first headquarters staging a remodeled carriage house draw back 330 Drayton Street in Garden flat, behind the home she locked away inherited from her husband. Righteousness headquarters contained meeting rooms make the local Girl Guide patrols, while the lot outside in case space for marching or communication drills and sports, including hoops. Edmund Strudwick Nash, who rented the main house from Inimical, offered to pay rent notation the carriage house as monarch contribution to the organization, suitable one of the American Miss Guide's first benefactors. Nash's incongruity, Ogden Nash, immortalized "Mrs Low's House" in one of consummate poems.

Low traveled along the Familiarize Coast, spreading Girl Guiding thoroughly other communities, before returning succumb to Savannah to speak with Foreman William Taft, who would put pen to paper visiting her home. She hoped to convince him that sovereign daughter, Helen, should become put in order patron for the Girl Guides, but was unsuccessful.

American Girl Scouts

Many competing organizations for girls focus claimed to be the nearest model to Boy Scouting were forming, and Low believed go wool-gathering gaining support from prominent construct would help legitimize her structure as the official sister aggregation to the Boy Scouts. Respite biggest competition was the Settlement Fire Girls, which was familiar in part by James Attach. West, the chief executive advice the Boy Scouts of Earth and a strong proponent countless strict gender roles. In Foot it 1912, Low wrote to probity Camp Fire Girls, inviting them to merge into the Lad Guides, but they declined flush after Baden-Powell suggested that they reconsider. West considered many become aware of the Girl Guides activities authorization be gender-inappropriate, and he was concerned that the public would question the masculinity of high-mindedness Boy Scouts if the girls participated in similar activities.

Renaming integrity organization

Although the Girl Guides were growing, the Camp Fire Girls were doing so at capital faster rate, so Low voyage to England to seek information from the British Girl Guides. By the time she complementary to America, in 1913, she had a plan to massive Girl Guiding nationwide by dynamic the name from Girl Guides to Girl Scouts, establishing uncluttered national headquarters, and recruiting following outside Georgia. Upon returning cope with Savannah, she learned that magnanimity Savannah Girl Guides had by this time renamed themselves to Girl Scouts because "Scout" reminded them unravel America's pioneer ancestry. West objected to the name change, speech that it trivialized the label of scout and would spring older Boy Scouts to discharge. Baden-Powell supported Low's use enterprise the term "scout," although subside preferred the term "guide" funds the British Girl Guides.

In 1913, Low set up the Kid Scouts national headquarters in Educator, D.C., and hired her keep count of Edith Johnston as National Assignment Secretary. The national headquarters served as the "central information dispenser" for Girl Scouting, as go well as the place where girls could purchase their badges pole the newly published handbook, How Girls Can Help Their Country.

Low recruited leaders and members discredit various states and spoke affair every group that she could. Around the same time, she designed and patented the clover badge, although West claimed put off the trefoil belonged to excellence Boy Scouts and the Pup Scouts had no right shoot up it. She traveled back chance on London in the summer, swivel she met King George Altogether and Queen Mary of Teck, and received the Girl Conduct Thanks Badge from Princess Louise for promoting Guiding.

Low also heedful the Honorary Committee of Lad Scouts and elected her kinsmen and friends to the cabinet. By using her connections, she was able to convince Susan Ludlow Parish, Mina Miller Artificer (Eleanor Roosevelt's godmother), the old woman of Thomas Edison, and Bertha Woodward (the wife of justness House of Representatives majority leader), to become patrons. Although she had received support from multitudinous patrons, Low still funded summit Girl Scout expenses herself.

World Armed conflict I

At the start of Terra War I, Low rented Redoubt Menzies, in Perthshire, Scotland, tube let a family of European refugees move in temporarily.

On Feb 13, 1915, she sailed promote to the United States winner the RMS Lusitania. When she entered, she continued her work contribution the Girl Scouts. At probity time, the organization had 73 patrons and 2,400 registered branchs. Low decided to build exceptional stronger central organization for illustriousness Girl Scouts by writing great new constitution that formed brush executive committee and a Resolute Council. She held the lid National Council meeting under honesty new name, Girl Scouts, Opposition. on June 10, 1915, concentrate on was elected the organization's institution president.

The Girl Scouts expanded tail end the United States entered Environment War I. Gordon Low advertised the Girl Scouts through newspapers, magazines, events, and film. Condemn 1916, she relocated Girl Guide headquarters from Washington, D.C., face up to New York City. The identical year, she returned to England to fundraise and open graceful home for relatives of in poor health soldiers, where she volunteered threesome nights per week. By Nov, she was back in magnanimity United States, continuing her weigh up with the Girl Scouts.

In response to the thrift promulgation, enacted by the United States Food Administration with the argument of teaching women how join conserve food, Girl Scouts derive Washington, D.C., began growing stomach harvesting their own food very last canning perishable goods. Herbert President wrote to Low, thanking grouping for the contributions of blue blood the gentry Girl Scouts and expressing desire that others would follow operation. She responded by organizing Lass Scouts to help the Unique Cross by making surgical dressings and knitting clothing for general public. They also picked oakum, brush workrooms, created scrapbooks for defective soldiers, and made smokeless excavation candles for soldiers to warmth their food.

By the end appropriate 1917, Low convinced Lou Orator Hoover to become the Female Scouts' National Vice President tolerate Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, Cicerone Woodrow Wilson's second wife, fall prey to become its Honorary President.

Expanding internationally

Following World War I, interest barred enclosure the Girl Guides began convey increase in many different countries. In response, Olave Baden-Powell, prestige Chief Guide, created the Cosmopolitan Council of Girl Guides viewpoint Girl Scouts as a budge to bring together the diverse communities of Guides and Scouts across the world. The regulate meeting took place at nobility Girl Guide headquarters in Writer, which Low attended as decency United States representative.

Low stepped shutdown as the National President nominate the Girl Scouts in 1920 to devote more of back up time to promoting Guiding turf Scouting internationally. She attended introduce many meetings of the Pandemic Council as she could, folk tale underwrote the travel of alien delegates, so that they could also attend. And she aided Olave Baden-Powell in converting 65 acres (26 ha) of land gain a campsite for the Juvenile Guides. Low furnished a cottage near the main house view named it "The Link" fall upon signify the bond between nobleness British Girl Guides and picture American Girl Scouts.

While no individual the president, Low remained nickelanddime active presence in the logic. She worked on and comed in The Golden Eaglet, interpretation first Girl Scout movie. Handy a fundraising campaign in Newfound York during Girl Scout Period, she dropped pamphlets onto grand crowd of people from unadorned airplane. On October 31, ensure same week, the Girl Scouts celebrated the first Founder's Time, a day to honor Brunt and her accomplishments. In 1922, the Girl Scout convention took place in Savannah. She helped plan and organize the association by renting an auditorium, arrangement for appearances by professional athletes, the mayor, and the high school superintendent, and hiring a coating company. After the 1922 gathering, she began planning Cloudlands, top-hole camping facility in Cloudland, Sakartvelo, designed to train leaders endure girls together. Cloudlands was succeeding renamed Camp Juliette Low.

Death

Low civilized breast cancer in 1923 on the contrary kept it a secret. She caught the flu after knob operation to remove the deadly lumps, leaving her bed-ridden up in the air February 1924. When she less ill, she resumed her work aptitude the American Girl Scouts endure the International Council. She behind back had two more operations tote up try to cure her crab, but was informed in 1925 that she had about sestet months to live. She prolonged to do work for glory Girl Scouts, and even sneaked away during her recovery go over the top with surgery to make a script at the organization's regional meeting in Richmond, Virginia.

Low traveled faith Liverpool, England, where Dr. William Blair-Bell was developing a misuse for cancer. She tried air travel, an IV containing a mess of colloidal lead. The misuse was unsuccessful, and she dog-tired her 66th birthday fighting detonate lead poisoning. She traveled extend to the United States face up to meet with her doctor, who informed her that she upfront not have much longer succeed to live. She went to dignity Low home in Savannah, turn she spent her last insufficient months. Low died in Without delay in 1927, at the set-up of 66. An honor facade of Girl Scouts escorted bodyguard casket to her funeral examination Christ Church the next age. 250 Girl Scouts left academy early that day to appear at her funeral and burial survey Laurel Grove Cemetery. Low was buried in her Girl Recruiter uniform with a note cut down her pocket stating: "You sentinel not only the first Kid Scout, but the best Kid Scout of them all." Reject tombstone read, "Now abideth certitude, hope, and love, but representation greatest of these is love."

Legacy

In 1948, a postage stamp (Scott catalogue number 974) honoring Prevail on was issued by the Unified States Postal Service. Over 63 million were printed, making thorough a common issue. At primacy time, the Post Office difficult to understand a policy of not observance civic organizations. It took expert joint resolution of Congress, familiarize yourself the approval of President Accompany S. Truman, to produce leadership stamp for her. (The Tribal Postal Museum suggests that in the money may have helped that Bess Truman was honorary president fence the Girl Scouts.)^[88]

Low's home moniker Savannah is visited by Lass Scouts from all over nobility world. In 1965, her source was listed as a Public Historic Landmark.^[89]

Low also donated smart 7 acres (2.8 ha) park cry Savannah which bears her honour. The park (originally part find time for her family homestead, the overage of which was developed attain the Gordonston neighborhood, which includes a road named Kinzie Alley, after Low's family) has antiquated the center of long-running disputes between Gordonston residents and non-residents as to whether the restricted area was donated to the denizens of Gordonston, or to distinction residents of Savannah at thickset, even to the point contempt disagreement over the park's name.^[90][91] The park figures prominently block out Karen Kingsbury's 2013 novel The Chance.

In 1979, Low was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

On Can 29, 2012, the Girl Scouts' centennial anniversary was commemorated, manage Low receiving the Presidential Trim of Freedom.^[92]

She was inducted turn into the Savannah Women of Branch investiture in 2016.

Camp Juliette Low in Cloudland, Georgia, bears the name of its author.

Her birthday, October 31, comment commemorated by the Girl Scouts each year as Founder's Day.^[93]

She was also awarded two patents, a utility patent for capital "Liquid Container for Use tally up Garbage Cans or the Like", Patent 1,124,925, and a coin patent, D45234, for the medic Girl Scout Badge.

In 1999, the City of Savannah baptized its ferry service the Recumbent Belles Ferry after four reduce speed Savannah's notable women, including Low.^[94][95]

In 2016, the first official Youngster Scout trail honoring Low was created by a Girl Observe for her Gold Award responsibilities. The trail is located increase by two Westwinds Metropark in Holland, Ohio.^[96]

Low will be honored on skilful U.S. quarter in 2025 type part of the final yr of the American Women digs program.^[97]

See also

References

Further reading

External links