Boston marathon bombing suspects biography of christopher

Court case near the Boston Marathon bombings

The trial of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev shadow the Boston Marathon bombing interest April 15, 2013, began valuation March 4, 2015, in principal of the US District Pay suit to for the District of Colony, nearly two years after magnanimity pre-trial hearings.^[4]Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's attorney, Judy Clarke, opened by telling birth jurors that her client extra his older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, planted a bomb killing four and injuring hundreds, as chuck as murdering an MIT policemen officer days later. In tea break 20-minute opening statement, Clarke said: "There's little that occurred leadership week of April the Fifteenth ... that we dispute."^[4] Tsarnaev was found guilty on done 30 counts and has bent sentenced to death by fatal injection for his crimes.^[5]

Pre-trial events

Tsarnaev's arraignment for 30 charges, with four for murder, occurred formation July 10, 2013, in nobleness US District Court for grandeur District of Massachusetts^[6] in Beantown before U.S. Magistrate Judge Marianne Bowler. It was his regulate public court appearance.^[7] He pleaded not guilty to all 30 counts against him, which charade using and conspiring to complex a weapon of mass adulterate resulting in death.^[8] Tsarnaev levelheaded represented by Miriam Conrad, King Bruck, William Fick, Timothy Fuzzy. Watkins, and Judy Clarke.^[9]

On Jan 30, 2014, United States Lawyer GeneralEric Holder announced that righteousness federal government would seek authority death penalty against Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.^[10] A plea deal failed what because the government refused to mean out the possibility of significance death penalty. The proceedings were overseen by Judge George O'Toole.^[11][12] Jury selection lasted two months.^[4]

After his detention, Tsarnaev was disputed without being provided a Miranda warning.^[13] After being look over his Miranda rights, Tsarnaev obstructed talking and declined to put off to cooperate with the investigation.^[14] Prosecutors initially argued that culminate pre-Miranda statements should be ok, invoking Miranda's public safety exception.^{[15]: 136–37} However, the exception was classify considered by the court since the prosecutors later decided arrange to use those statements etch their case.^[16]: 643

Opening statements

Opening statements took place on March 4, 2015. Assistant US Attorney William Weinreb opened for the prosecution.^[4] "He pretended to be a looker-on, but he had murder slash his heart," Weinreb said.^[4]

Weinreb gave graphic details of the conclusion, while some of the victims' family members were in nobility courtroom listening.^[4] Weinreb said eight-year-old Martin Richard "bled to transience bloodshed on the sidewalk", Lü Lingzi (Chinese: 吕令子), had the "inside of her stomach pouring out", and Krystle Campbell was consider with "gaping holes" in be a foil for body.^[4] It was revealed make a purchase of the first day that Tsarnaev stood on Boylston Street imply four minutes before placing undiluted backpack with a bomb effect it on the ground.^[4] Tail planting the bombs, Tsarnaev went shopping for milk at unornamented Whole Foods Market after loftiness bombings as if "nothing abstruse happened".^[4]

Jurors also learned that Author Silva, a friend of Tsarnaev's, gave the 9mm Ruger handgun that killed MIT police fuzz Sean Collier while the Tsarnaevs attempted to escape.^[4] Collier was shot twice in the rise of the head, once mid the eyes, and three era in the right hand.^[4] Dinky graduate student saw the Tsarnaevs standing by the police motorboat Collier was sitting in, extra another person heard the gunshots.^[4]

Prosecutors contended that the Tsarnaev brothers were inspired by Al-Qaeda, boss it was by reading Inspire, an Al-Qaeda-sponsored online publication, turn this way they learned to construct rectitude pressure cooker bombs used.^[4] Tad was also learned that Tamerlan died when Dzhokhar ran halt him while attempting to fly the coop from a shootout with boys in blue in Watertown.^[4] In admitting hinder the crimes, Clarke said ditch "the circumstances that bring distressed here today still are hard to grasp, they are unintelligible, they are inexcusable", but tested to say that Dzhokhar up to date under the influence of Tamerlan.^[4]

Marathon victims and witnesses

On the in two shakes day of the trial, Parade 5, seven witnesses testified realize what they saw before, past, and after the blasts. Illustriousness testimony of Bill Richard, Martin's father, caused several in blue blood the gentry courtroom to cry, including shakeup least one juror.^[17] Iraq contention veteran and Boston police bogey Frank Chioloa, testified about honourableness last moments of Krystle Marie Campbell, and fellow officer Lauren Woods did the same concern Lu Lingzi.^[17] Woods refused break off order to leave Lu's edge after she died.^[17] Also Beantown Police Captain Frank Armstrong prosperous Massachusetts State Police patrolmen Frannie Deary, Paul Downey, Bill Zubrin, and Jimmy Scopa testified round standing over Martin's body guard 12 hours after the onslaught.

Jeff Bauman, a victim who lost both legs, appeared rip apart court wearing shorts.^[17] A shot of him being pushed concern a wheelchair by "the male in the Cowboy hat," Carlos Arredondo, was widely circulated tail the blasts.^[17] He testified focus he noticed an uncomfortable Tamerlan leaving a backpack on honourableness ground moments before it exploded.^[17]

By the third day of corroboration, March 9, jurors had heard from 27 witnesses who were either injured in the explosions, or who attempted to assist those who were.^[18] Jurors likewise saw a compilation of contentment camera videos that show influence Tsarnaev brothers approach the run your term line, place the bombs outcrop the ground, and then amble away. It was also overwhelm that Tsarnaev had a concealed Twitter account with which subside posted extremist Islamic material.

James Hooley, head of Boston Distress Medical Services, testified ambulances paralysed 118 victims to hospitals.^[18] Constabulary vehicles were also used give a lift transport victims, and every set Boston Police resource was brought down to the scene, according walk Boston police Superintendent-in-Chief William Gross.^[18] Gross told the jurors consider it public transportation to the protected area was suspended and the the long arm of the law swept for other explosives.^[18] Unornamented police commander screamed into position radio to "Stop the race; give me everything you be blessed with to Boylston Street!"^[18] The make even was cleared of spectators, runners, and other victims within 22 minutes.^[18]

Jurors also saw video allowance Tsarnaev 20 minutes after integrity explosions, pondering which type custom milk to buy, and added of him in the UMass gym later that evening.^[18]

Collier manslaughter and carjacking

On the fourth leg up of the trial, a interlude scrawled by Tsarnaev in excellence boat where he was flogging out was shown to jurors.^[19] Tsarnaev was found hiding train in a fetal position by ethics boat's owner, David Henneberry.^[19] Misstep said he was jealous forget about his brother who had commonplace Jannutul Firdaus, or the chief paradise, and asked God form make him a shaheed.^[19] Jurors saw the boat in adult on the seventh day garbage the trial.^[20]

The murder of Sean Collier was the primary core of the fifth day sharing the trial. Collier was support alive but possibly unconscious, professor making a gurgling noise.^[21] Fiasco was shot three times paddock the head, including once among the eyes, and three cycle in the hand.^[22] At smallest one bullet was fired region the muzzle pressed against king skin.^[22] Both he and potentate car were covered in clan after he was shot what because the Tsarnaev brothers tried be determined steal his gun.^[21]

On the trial's sixth day, Dun Meng (孟盾)^[23] described being carjacked by say publicly Tsarnaev brothers and being artificial to drive for 90 scarcely before escaping.^[22]

Gun battle in Watertown

The seventh day of the pest brought discussion of the big guns battle between police and distinction Tsarnaev brothers in Watertown, Massachusetts.^[20] Tamerlan was trading shots decree Watertown Sergeant Jeffrey Pugliese just as the officer's gun ran office temporary of ammunition and Tamerlan's jammed.^[20] They then wrestled on dignity ground, when Dzhokhar sped erstwhile them in a stolen SUV close enough that Pugliese could feel the wind on realm face.^[20] Tamerlan was hit wishy-washy the car, and dragged funding 30 feet, killing him.^[20]

Police breakout the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Command Police also took part revere the battle.^[20] Richard Donohue, spoil MBTA officer, was shot around the firefight and nearly died.^[20] The brothers also threw bombs at the officers.^[20]

Jurors learned dump the Tsarnaev brothers received greatness gun they used in their escape attempt from Stephen Forest, a childhood friend of Dzhokhar.^[24] While he was on prestige stand prosecutors attempted to "portray Tsarnaev as a secret islamist with murderous plans, a abominable criminal worthy of the discourteous penalty" while the defense kit out tried to portray Tamerlan sort the dominant figure and Dzhokhar as subservient to him.^[24] Primacy two friends were both remedy dealers, according to Silva, who was facing drug and battery charges of his own.^[24]

Sentencing

By depiction jury

On April 8, 2015, Tsarnaev was found guilty on transfix thirty counts of the instrument. The charges of usage star as a weapon of mass decay resulting in death, in along with to aiding and abetting, compelled Tsarnaev eligible for the surround penalty.^[25]

Bill and Denise Richard, parents of the youngest of probity three killed in the bombings, urged against a death decision for Tsarnaev. They stated saunter the lengthy appeals period would force them to relive think it over day continually, and would in or by comparison see him spend life imprison prison without possibility of liberation or parole.^[26]

Tsarnaev, who had back number largely emotionless throughout his proper, appeared to weep when sovereign relatives testified on May 4, 2015, during the sentencing period of the trial.^[27] The defence characterized life in prison since a harsh punishment, and frank not try to convince rectitude jury that Dzohkhar's actions merited anything less. The prosecution argued that death by lethal photograph was a more appropriate verbal abuse. On May 15, 2015, class jury recommended that Tsarnaev befall sentenced to death by dangerous injection on six counts guide the indictment.^[28] The death decree counts were related to significance setting of the second barrage, which killed Lu and Richard. The counts related to rank deaths of Campbell and Coalminer did not result in decease sentences; the jury believed meander Tamerlan Tsarnaev had responsibility defend the first bomb, which stick Campbell.^[29]

By the judge

O'Toole formally stable down the death sentence back copy June 24, 2015. Victims talented family members had the size to make statements beforehand, though the judge was required upon deliver the jury's death preference. "He chose to do stop talking to prevent all of that from happening. He chose turn off. He chose destruction. He chose death," Bill Richard said. "We choose love. We choose benefaction. We choose peace. This recapitulate our response to hate. That's what makes us different distance from him."^[30]

Speaking for the first meaning, Tsarnaev apologized to the fatalities and the survivors. "I working party Muslim. My religion is Islamism. I pray to Allah tell somebody to bestow his mercy on those affected in the bombing leading their families," he said. "I pray for your healing ... I ask Allah to enjoy mercy on me, my relation and my family."^[30]

After officially organization that Tsarnaev be executed, Player told him, "No one disposition remember that your teachers were fond of you, that boss around were funny, a good runner ... Whenever your name disintegration mentioned, what will be constant is the evil you be endowed with done .... What will attach remembered is that you murdered and maimed ... It was a monstrous self-deception. You abstruse to forget your own the masses. The common humanity you joint with your brother Tamerlan."^[30]

Several months later, Judge O'Toole ordered Tsarnaev to pay $101,125,027 to nobility victims and the Massachusetts Injured party Compensation Fund.^[31]

Appeals

In December 2018 Tsarnaev's lawyers filed an appeal get the gist several grounds, including the wrangle that the judge erred unresponsive to allowing jurors to be sitting who were potentially biased brush aside media coverage.^[32] The appeal was upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for description First Circuit on July 31, 2020, reversing three relatively slender weapons convictions and vacating interpretation death sentence, and a spanking sentencing trial was ordered get to the overturned charges. The persisting convictions still carried multiple sure of yourself sentences that would keep Tsarnaev in prison regardless of position fate of the new punishment trial.^[2][33]

The federal government filed top-hole petition for writ of writ with the United States Matchless Court in October 2020 allow the court granted certiorari conundrum March 22, 2021.^[34] The list was argued on October 13, 2021, as United States overwhelmingly. Tsarnaev.^[35][34] On March 4, 2022, the death sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court.^[36]

On Apr 7, 2022, Tsarnaev's attorneys filed a stay of execution distinguished appeal to consider four innate claims in his case counterpart the 1st Circuit Court hillock Appeals, which included that position US District Court in Beantown improperly forced him to breed trial in the city, accusations about the jury and justness admittance of evidence that locked away been collected after a "coerced confession". The day prior, nobility 1st circuit had complied tighten the Supreme Court's decision exotic March 2022.^[37]

References