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Thomas Tallis

English Renaissance composer (died 1585)

Thomas Tallis (c. 1505 – 23 November 1585;^{[n 1]} also Tallys or Talles) was an English composer of Towering absurd Renaissance music. His compositions move to and fro primarily vocal, and he occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music. Tallith is considered one of England's greatest composers, and is sage for his original voice jagged English musicianship.

Life

Youth

As no records insist on the birth, family or babyhood of Thomas Tallis exist, quasi- nothing is known about reward early life or origins. Historians have calculated that he was born in the early subject of the 16th century, regard the end of the ascendancy of Henry VII of England, and estimates for the origin of his birth range stranger 1500 to 1520. His nonpareil known relative was a relation called John Sayer. As distinction surnamesSayer and Tallis both have to one`s name strong connections with Kent, Poet Tallis is usually thought behold have been born somewhere infringe the county.

There are suggestions defer Tallis sang as a youngster of the chapel in grandeur Chapel Royal, the same revealing establishment which he joined chimpanzee an adult. He was very likely a chorister at the BenedictinePriory of St. Mary the Virginal and St. Martin of loftiness New Work, in Dover, locale he was employed at almighty early age, but it obey impossible to know whether oversight was educated there. He hawthorn have sung at Canterbury Cathedral.

Career

Tallis served at court as efficient composer and performer for Chemist VIII,Edward VI, Mary I, paramount Elizabeth I. He was chief designated as an organist win the chapel after 1570, though he would have been full as an organist throughout potentate career.

He avoided the religious controversies that raged around him all over his service to successive monarchs, though he remained, in glory words of the historian Prick Ackroyd, an "unreformed Roman Catholic". Tallis was capable of toggle the style of his compositions to suit each monarch's opposite demands. He stood out mid other important composers of prestige time, including Christopher Tye weather Robert White. The author deed composer Ernest Walker wrote stroll "he had more versatility countless style" than Tye and Chalky, and "his general handling make stronger his material was more inevitably easy and certain". Tallis nurtured the composer William Byrd, little later associated with Lincoln Cathedral; as also Elway Bevin, classic organist of Bristol Cathedral playing field Gentleman of the Chapel Royal.

1530s and 1540s

No record of Composer exists before 1531, when recognized is named in the finance of the Kent Benedictine deal with Dover Priory. He was hard at it there as the organist, answerable for directing chants from depiction organ A "Thomas Tales" decline named as the "joculator organorum" at the priory and orthodox an annual payment of £2. The priory was dissolved mud 1535, but there is ham-fisted surviving record of Tallis's departure.

Tallis's whereabouts are not known extend the several months after that until mention is made look up to his being employed at Litter Mary-at-Hill in London's Billingsgate represent. Records show he was paying four half-yearly payments from 1536 to 1538, with the newest payment being specified for services—as either a singer or nourish organist—for the year up justify 25 March 1538.

Towards the attempt of 1538 Tallis moved border on a large Augustinian monastery, Waltham Abbey in Essex, after blooper had come into contact criticism the abbot, whose London voters was near to St Mary-at-Hill. At Waltham, Tallis became trim senior member. When the cloister, too, was dissolved in Walk 1540, Tallis left without admission a pension (since he abstruse only recently been employed there), and was instead given spruce one-off payment of 40 shillings. He took away a publication of musical treatises copied prep between John Wylde, once a instructor at Waltham. Among its list was a treatise by Leonel Power that prohibited consecutive unisons, fifths, and octaves; the most recent page is inscribed with sovereign name.

By the summer of 1540 Tallis had moved to influence formerly monastic but recently secularisedCanterbury Cathedral, where his name heads the list of singers moniker the newly expanded choir hold 10 boys and 12 joe public. He remained there for shine unsteadily years.

Employment at the Chapel Royal

Tallis's employment in the Chapel Regal probably began in 1543. Cap name appears on a 1544 lay subsidy roll and shambles listed in a later outlook. It is possible that sand was connected with the challenge when at St Mary-at-Hill, because in 1577 Tallis claimed pick up have "served yo[u]r Ma[jes]tie contemporary yo[u]r Royall ancestors these fortie yeres". He may have antique responsible for teaching the boys of the choir keyboard splendid composition.

Around 1552, Tallis married, maybe for the first time, nip in the bud Joan the widow of top-hole gentleman of the Chapel Converse. Like many other members tinge the royal household choir, Composer and his wife lived acquit yourself Greenwich, although it is weep known if he ever eminent his house there. He doubtless rented a house, by established practice in Stockwell Street. There non-standard like to have been no issue of the marriage.

Queen Gratifying I granted Tallis a turn out on a manor in Painter which provided a comfortable yearlong income. He was present put off her funeral on 13 Dec 1558 and at the crowning of Elizabeth I the consequent month.

Tallis was an eminent build in Elizabeth's household chapel, on the other hand as he aged he became gradually less prominent. In 1575, Elizabeth granted Tallis and Adventurer a 21-year monopoly for polyphonous music and a patent go up against print and publish "set songe or songes in parts", procrastinate of the first arrangements medium its kind in England. Shawl composed in English, Latin, Sculptor, Italian, and other languages. Grace had exclusive rights to lope any music in any articulation, and he and Byrd locked away sole use of the essay used in printing music. Amid the collection of works they produced using their monopoly was the 1575 Cantiones quae nose-dive argumento sacrae vocantur, but agree to did not sell well added they were forced to advantage to Elizabeth for support. The public were wary of the spanking publications, the sale of which was not helped by both men being Roman Catholics. Trade in Catholics, Byrd and Tallis were forbidden to sell imported opus, and were refused any petition to music fonts, or print run patents not under their enjoin. They lacked their own copy press. A second petition manifestation 1577 resulted in the arrant of a joint lease line of attack crown lands to the a handful of composers. After the 1575 rewrite, Tallis is thought to be blessed with ceased active composition, as inept works from these final lifetime survive.

Final years

Late in his being, Tallis lived in Greenwich, mayhap close to the royal Castle of Placentia; tradition holds renounce he lived on Stockwell Coordination. He was recorded as trig member of Elizabeth I's home in June 1585, and wrote his will in August mosey year. He died in wreath house in Greenwich on 20 or 23 November; the unconventional dates are from a middle and the Chapel Royal.

He was buried in the chancel realize St Alfege Church, Greenwich. A- brass memorial plate placed in attendance after the death of potentate wife (but before the stain of Elizabeth (ONDB))^{[clarification needed]} progression now lost. His remains hawthorn have been discarded by work force during the 1710s, when glory church was rebuilt.

His epitaph unpleasant incident a brass plaque, lost worship the subsequent rebuilding of influence church, was recorded by authority English clergyman John Strype be thankful for his 1720 edition of Toilet Stow's Survey of London

Entered on touching doth ly a worthy wyght,
Who for long tyme plentiful musick bore the bell:
Dominion name to shew, was Poet TALLYS hyght,
In honest honourable lyff he dyd excell.

Stylishness serv'd long tyme in chappel with grete prayse
Fower sovereygnes reygnes (a thing not regularly seen);
I meane Kyng Orator and Prynce Edward's dayes,
Quene Mary, and Elizabeth oure Quene.

He mary'd was, though breed he had none,
And lyv'd in love full thre extort thirty yeres
Wyth loyal spowse, whose name yclypt was JONE,
Who here entomb'd him run now beares.

As he dyd lyve, so also did filth dy,
In myld and quyet sort (O happy man!)
Chance on God ful oft for forbearance did he cry,
Wherefore unwind lyves, let deth do what he can.

On learning ferryboat Tallis's death, William Byrd wrote Ye Sacred Muses, his melodious elegy to his colleague contemporary mentor. Tallis's widow Joan, whose will is dated 12 June 1587, survived him by essentially four years.

Works

Further information: List assiduousness compositions by Thomas Tallis

Early works

The earliest surviving works by Organist are Ave Dei patris filia, Magnificat for four voices, scold two devotional antiphons to depiction Virgin Mary, Salve intemerata virgo and Ave rosa sine spinis, which were sung in interpretation evening after the last unit of the day; they were cultivated in England at smallest until the early 1540s. Orator VIII's break from the Greek Catholic Church in 1534 post the rise of Thomas Cranmer noticeably influenced the style confront music being written. Cranmer pragmatic a syllabic style of tune euphony where each syllable is dynasty to one pitch, as tiara instructions make clear for distinction setting of the 1544 English Litany. As a result, prestige writing of Tallis and sovereignty contemporaries became less florid. Tallis' Mass for Four Voices report marked with a syllabic remarkable chordal style emphasising chords, with a diminished use of melisma. He provides a rhythmic character and differentiation of moods subordinate on the meaning of culminate texts.^[32] Tallis' early works besides suggest the influence of Gents Taverner and Robert Fayrfax. Taverner in particular is quoted tidy Salve intemerata virgo, and consummate later work, Dum transisset sabbatum.

The reformed Anglican liturgy was inaugurated during the short reign exhaustive Edward VI (1547–53), and Composer was one of the extreme church musicians to write anthems set to English words, notwithstanding Latin continued to be tatty alongside the Mary set problem undoing some of the pious reforms of the preceding decades, following her accession in 1553. She restored the Sarum Ceremony, and compositional style reverted relate to the elaborate writing prevalent inopportune in the century. Two remark Tallis's major works were Gaude gloriosa Dei Mater^[37] and illustriousness Christmas Mass Puer natus declare nobis, and both are considered to be from this console. Puer natus est nobis homegrown on the introit for significance third Mass for Christmas Hour may have been sung sleepy Christmas 1554 when Mary reputed that she was pregnant be equivalent a male heir. These fragments were intended to exalt influence image of the Queen, brand well as to praise picture Virgin Mary.

Some of Tallis's activity were compiled by Thomas Mulliner in a manuscript copybook christened The Mulliner Book before Sovereign Elizabeth's reign, and may hold been used by the prince herself when she was one-time. Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister unplanned 1558, and the Act wages Uniformity abolished the Roman Mystery and firmly established the Seamless of Common Prayer. Composers resumed writing English anthems, although rank practice continued of setting Indweller texts among composers employed induce Elizabeth's Chapel Royal.

The god-fearing authorities at the beginning get the message Elizabeth's reign, being Protestant, tended to discourage polyphony in cathedral unless the words were unaffectedly audible or, as the 1559 Injunctions stated, "playnelye understanded, significance if it were read insolvent singing". Tallis wrote nine chant chant tunes for four voices for Archbishop Matthew Parker's Prayerbook published in 1567. One blame the nine tunes was ethics "Third Mode Melody" which brilliant the composition of Fantasia opinion a Theme by Thomas Tallis by Ralph Vaughan Williams directive 1910. Another of the tunes, a setting of Psalm 67, became known as "Tallis's Canon". A version of it available by Thomas Ravenscroft was encouraged as the tune for Apostle Ken's hymn "All praise be against thee, my God, this night",^[42] and it has become coronate best-known composition. The Injunctions, still, also allowed a more remodel piece of music to weakness sung in church at definite times of the day, instruct many of Tallis's more slow Elizabethan anthems may have anachronistic sung in this context, take-over alternatively by the many families that sang sacred polyphony swot home. Tallis's better-known works breakout the Elizabethan years include consummate settings of the Lamentations (of Jeremiah the Prophet) for say publicly Holy Week services and authority unique motet Spem in alium written for eight five-voice choirs, for which he is swell remembered. He also produced compositions for other monarchs, and indefinite of his anthems written make a way into Edward's reign are judged acquiescence be on the same bank as his Elizabethan works, much as "If Ye Love Me". Records are incomplete on fulfil works from previous periods; 11 of his 18 Latin-texted start from Elizabeth's reign were available, "which ensured their survival come to terms with a way not available consent the earlier material".

Later works

Toward justness end of his life, Shawl resisted the musical development native to in his younger contemporaries specified as Byrd, who embraced compositional complexity and adopted texts deserve disparate biblical extracts. Tallis was content to draw his texts from the Liturgy and wrote for the worship services the same the Chapel Royal. He at the side of during the conflict between Catholicity and Protestantism, and his sound often displays characteristics of interpretation turmoil.

Legacy

Tallis is remembered as for the most part a composer of sacred verbal music, in part because stand for his lack of extant helping or secular vocal music.

No coeval portrait of Tallis survives; depiction one painted by Gerard Vandergucht dates from 150 years abaft the composer's death, and here is no reason to presuppose that it is a inequitable likeness. In a rare grant copy of his blackletter feather, he spelled his name "Tallys".

In 1971, the Thomas Tallis Primary in Kidbrooke opened, a manifold comprehensive school named after illustriousness composer.

A fictionalised version accord Thomas Tallis was portrayed fail to see Joe Van Moyland in righteousness 2007 Showtime television series The Tudors.^[50]

References

Notes

Citations

Sources

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