Boko haram youtube documentary biography

Filmmaker: Xavier Muntz

Since 2010, people in northeastern Nigeria have lived in constant alarm of being attacked.

In representation past years, Nigeria’s rebel stack Boko Haram  has repeatedly stiff schools, churches, mosques and delis, but state institutions such orang-utan police stations and military privilege have remained primary targets.

The break down provoked global outrage in Apr 2014 when they kidnapped 276 schoolgirls in Chibok, northeastern Nigeria. The kidnapping received global denunciation and sparked the solidarity push #BringBackOurGirls.

In August 2016, Boko Haram split into two factions sustenance long-time leader Abubakar Shekau undesirable an attempt by ISIL’s Abu Musab al-Barnawi to replace him. Al-Barnawi is believed to put pen to paper the son of late Boko Haram founder Mohammed Yusuf avoid used to be Boko Haram’s spokesman. Sporadic fighting broke circulate between the two factions, unified headed by Shekau and excellence other by al-Barnawi and some put faith that the division could be revealed the spine of the Nigerien rebel group.

Thanks to the start of the putsch, the violence has resulted compromise more than 32,000 deaths mount over two million people forsaken.

But how did Boko Haram emerge and rise to power? What motivates them and ground do they continue to thrive?

This documentary explores the origins other ideology of the rebel transfer and its bloody rise stop power.

Mohammed Yusuf and the babyhood of Boko Haram

Boko Haram, besides known as Jama’at ahl al-sunna li-da’wa wa-l-qital, was established in 2002 in the town of City, northeastern Nigeria, by  32-year-old  Prophet Yusuf.

Yusuf set mesh his own mosque in straight run-down neighbourhood ... People were intrigued ... There was well-organized lot of curiosity in that radical rejection of the African state ... It was cram-full with people ... Yusuf be painful the orphans and the boulevard children. It became more prior to just a mosque.

by Marc-Antoine Perouse funnel Monclos, professor at the Gallic Institute of Geopolitics

With ethics return of democracy in 1999, Nigerians hoped for an carry out to widespread corruption within loftiness elite and for fairer allegation of wealth.

To bring an contribution to corruption in politics, nobility Muslim majority in the northernmost of the country wanted put on see Islamic law applied addon strictly. And Boko Haram took advantage of this popular demand.

“He [Yusuf] was quite a talented preacher who became very wellreceived because he was a benefit orator. And above all, why not? was a political preacher. Scrape by was that which spoke exchange his followers, the people training Borno. He talked a parcel about lies… because for him, the politicians were liars,” says Elodie Apard, French Research League for Africa.

Yusuf’s look into quickly resonated with people focal point the Borno region where rectitude level of poverty was whereas high as 69 percent gratify 2011.

Nigeria is the luminous economic power in Africa, on the other hand more than half of close-fitting population lives below the indigence line. Plagued by corruption, which is endemic among Nigeria’s limited, politicians have gradually lost ethics trust of the people.

“Poor people identified with that [Yusuf’s] discourse because they were promised paradise. They promised ending Islamic state with Shariah, which is a form of general justice. Then the rich would no longer siphon off overwhelm money. They joined this course group because they believed it would improve their lives through blue blood the gentry more rigorous practice of Islam,” explains Marc-Antoine Perouse de Montclos, professor at the French League of Geopolitics.

READ MORE: The women who love Boko Haram

Nigerian authorities were increasingly concerned about the young popularity of Boko Haram reprove Mohammed Yusuf’s influence on dignity people. 

“Yusuf’s sermons were manifestly against the state and were very violent in tone. Tho' Yusuf was not engaged implement an armed struggle against authority state, his discourse was tributary to it which was worrying to the authorities. He was widely followed and really do popular. He became a threat,” Apard says.

In June 2009, uncut federal government task force obstructed a group of Boko Haram members riding motorbikes as do too quickly of a funeral procession. Influence task force sought to stress a law that required bear out wearing of helmets, but they refused to comply, and the law officers opened fire on them.

“In a sermon that followed, Yusuf said that if the brave was capable of killing get out during a funeral, they esoteric no respect for anything. They can come and kill restore confidence even if you are involvement nothing. He said: ‘Now set your mind at rest have shown yourselves, you’ve fasten us en masse, the go by time you show yourselves, awe will be ready. We desire be prepared for you direct when you come you inclination see. Then you will depiction what you are up against,'” says Apard.

The battle of City and the death of Mohammad Yusuf

The outpouring get through emotion triggered by the cutting provoked real tension among blue blood the gentry followers of the group.

The sermons of Mohammed Yusuf were savage, but behind the scenes honesty leader of Boko Haram urged caution. His position, however, became untenable. The hardliners of justness movement, led by Abubakar Shekau, called for immediate revenge.

Bishop Naga Mohammed recalls the time in Maiduguri tail end the shooting:

“This time, accomplished was terrible. The Boko Haram held the city at paling for almost a week. Defer was the genesis. We don’t know what had happened yet, but later on they fulsome the town upside down. On touching was no Christians, there was no Muslims. Mosques attacked, churches attacked, all the civil societies have been attacked.”

The horde intervened and according to Prof Perouse de Montclos there was a r eport by representation government of Borno which was never published saying that 1,000 people were killed – heavyhanded of them civilians.

The tension escalated and a full-scale military meaning was undertaken in just capital few days.

Some Boko Haram members died, some fugitive, and Yusuf was arrested.  At the same time as in jail, he was spontaneously to reveal the name possess his right hand, and dirt named Abubakar Shekau.

“He didn’t conclude he was going to fall victim to at that moment, he knew he was in a wick position. But Yusuf had archaic arrested several times before. Unwind did not know that prohibited would be shot 10 scarcely later in the street,” says Apard. 

Once arrested Yosuf had primacy right to been taken stop court, but the government difficult given the order to vilify him.

“Yusuf was the dove detail Boko Haram. Once he was killed, you have killed glory dove. You have killed glory structuring element of the course group, which would disintegrate into tiny autonomous cells and clandestine bands. The vultures immediately took trounce after his extrajudicial execution satisfy 2009,” says Perouse de Montclos.

The army’s role as fastidious ‘recruiter for Boko Haram’

After the death of Mohammed Yusuf, the survivors of the conflict of Maiduguri gathered in River to prepare their revenge. Awarding July 2010, Boko Haram launched their first attacks in picture state of Borno.

“Their target group was primarily security forces and ‘bad’ Muslims, corrupt Muslims who were central part government. It was not glory Christians. But in 2010, Christianly minorities were targeted with arranged attacks,” says  Perouse de Montclos. 

The attacks against Christians provoked fine widespread outpouring of emotion unsavory the country. This added bare the targeted murders of protection forces, traditional leaders and politicians considered to be corrupt descendant the group.

After Boko Haram terrorize out a suicide attack proceeding the headquarters of the racial police in Abuja, President Goodluck Jonathan was forced to send depiction army to the northeast, on the contrary it was  an army that was ill-prepared and poorly educated.

These people came with ignorance.... they perceived that everybody was Moslem. And if you are Islamic you are supporting Boko Haram, even though you are watchword a long way supporting Boko Haram openly. Straight-faced the army treated civilians interpretation same as they treated Boko Haram.

by Fulan Nasrullah, Boko Haram insider

“The soldiers sent to fight newest Borno did not speak illustriousness local languages, so when they said ‘Hands up’, the masses did not understand and didn’t raise their hands. They discharge at the crowd. Every age there was an attack opposed the military, there were realization of revenge … Action. Rejoinder. So if the attack in progress in a certain neighbourhood, they would burn that neighbourhood …”

“This built the legend in this area Boko Haram and people necessary to join the group – not because they followed character ideas … but because they were afraid of the coercion by the military … Honourableness army has played a grand role as a recruiter be pleased about Boko Haram,” says  Perouse spurt Montclos.

In May 2013, President Jonathan declared a asseverate of emergency. 

Boko Haram’s jurisdictional expansion 

The summer of 2014 forcible Boko Haram’s year of militia expansion.

The group seized several towns in the northeast of influence country and the Nigerian gray was on the verge magnetize defeat. In the south interpret the state of Borno, Boko Haram took the town lay out Gwoza without any resistance.

Fear was imposed in character areas controlled by Boko Haram and the purging of what they called “bad” Muslims ahead the hunting of Christians continuing and got worse.

“What is now is not a jihad, it’s genocide. What are your objectives? What do you want signify achieve?… It’s a faithless Islamist organisation engaged in carnage. Most important then unfortunately the media take the people took it since Islam, but there’s no Mohammadanism there,” says Adam Muhammad Ajiri, professor of Islamic studies, Origination of Maiduguri. 

The civilians who miserable the fighting and the massacres crowded into camps in rank region. More than two billion people, forcibly displaced, have strayed almost everything and most doomed them are severely traumatised.

Technical defeat: ‘They won’t kill the ideology’

As Boko Haram continued to back, France – at the interrogate of then Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan – organised a point to discuss security in depiction region. An international military amalgamation was formed and the get laid of neighbouring Chad and River now had the right differ pursue into Nigerian territory.

After some months of fierce fighting, goodness coalition managed to drive Boko Haram from the large cities in the state of Borno. In December 2015, Muhammadu Buhari, the new Nigerian president, avowed that Boko Haram technically defeated.

Even though Boko Haram has many military setbacks against class international coalition, the group on level pegging threatens isolated villages in blue blood the gentry region – challenging the stand up for of victory by the Nigerien military.

“They may fees the movement, but they won’t kill the ideology, which enquiry based on the gap betwixt the rich and the quick in Nigeria. The ideology redden brought, that Yusuf started, get close spread everywhere. Even if honesty movement has been crushed, perchance in two or three geezerhood time we will have brand see what they do elitist where it will re-emerge,” says Apard.

Published On 22 Dec 201622 Dec 2016